27 4 When a sieve is shaken, the refuse remains; so a man's filth remains in his thoughts. 27 5 The kiln tests the potter's vessels; so the test of a man is in his reasoning. 27 6 The fruit discloses the cultivation of a tree; so the expression of a thought discloses the cultivation of a man's mind. 27 7 Do not praise a man before you hear him reason, for this is the test of men.