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Leviticus 11:1-16:34

Animals that may be eaten. (Lv.11.1-47)

11¹Yahweh spoke to Moses and Aaron and said to them, ²'Speak to the Israelites and say:

'Of all animals living on land these are the creatures you may eat: ³'You may eat any animal that has a cloven hoof, divided into two parts, and that is a ruminant. ⁴The following, which either chew the cud or have a cloven hoof, are the ones that you may not eat: you will regard the camel as unclean, because though it is ruminant, it does not have a cloven hoof; ⁵you will regard the coney as unclean, because though it is ruminant, it does not have a cloven hoof; ⁶you will regard the hare as unclean, because though it is ruminant, it does not have a cloven hoof; ⁷you will regard the pig as unclean, because though it has a cloven hoof, divided into two parts, it is not a ruminant. ⁸You will not eat the meat of these or touch their dead bodies; you will regard them as unclean. ⁹'Of all that lives in water, these you may eat:

'Anything that has fins and scales, and lives in the water, whether in sea or river, you may eat. ¹⁰But anything in sea or river that does not have fins and scales, of all the small water-creatures and all the living things found there, you will regard as detestable. ¹¹You will regard them as detestable; you must not eat their meat and you will regard their carcases as detestable. ¹²Anything that lives in water, but not having fins and scales, you will regard as detestable. ¹³'Of the birds these are the ones that you will regard as detestable; they may not be eaten, they are detestable for eating:

'The tawny vulture, the griffon, the osprey, ¹⁴the kite, the various kinds of buzzard, ¹⁵all kinds of raven, ¹⁶the ostrich, the screech owl, the seagull, the various kinds of hawk, ¹⁷horned owl, night owl, cormorant, barn owl, ¹⁸ibis, pelican, white vulture, ¹⁹stork, the various kinds of heron, the hoopoe and the bat. ²⁰'All winged insects moving on four feet you will regard as detestable for eating. ²¹Of all these winged insects you may eat only the following: those with the sort of legs above their feet which enable them to leap over the ground. ²²These are the ones you may eat: the various kinds of migratory locust, the various kinds of solham locust, hargol locust and hagab locust. ²³But all other winged insects on four feet you will regard as detestable for eating. ²⁴'By the following you will be made unclean. Anyone who touches the carcase of one will be unclean until evening. ²⁵Anyone who picks up their carcases must wash his clothing and will be unclean until evening. ²⁶Animals that have hoofs, but not cloven, and that are not ruminant, you will regard as unclean; anyone who touches them will be unclean. ²⁷Those four-footed animals which walk on the flat of their paws you will regard as unclean; anyone who touches their carcases will be unclean until evening, ²⁸and anyone who picks up their carcases must wash his clothing and will be unclean until evening. You will regard them as unclean. ²⁹'Of the small creatures which crawl along the ground, these are the ones which you will regard as unclean: the mole, the rat, the various kinds of lizard: ³⁰gecko, koah, letaah, chameleon and tinshamet. ³¹'Of all the small creatures, these are the animals which you must regard as disgusting. Anyone who touches them when they are dead will be unclean until evening. ³²'Any object on which one of these creatures falls when it is dead becomes unclean: wooden utensil, clothing, skin, sacking, any utensil whatever. It must be immersed in water and will remain unclean until evening: then it will be clean. ³³If the creature falls into an earthenware vessel, the vessel must be broken; whatever the vessel contains is unclean. ³⁴Any edible food will be unclean if the water touches it; any drinkable liquid will be unclean, no matter what its container. ³⁵Anything on which the carcase of such a creature may fall will be unclean: be it oven or stove, it must be destroyed; for they are unclean and you will regard them as unclean ³⁶(although springs, wells and stretches of water will remain clean); anyone who touches one of their carcases will be unclean. ³⁷If one of their carcases falls on any kind of seed, the seed will remain clean; ³⁸but if the seed has been moistened and one of their carcases falls on it, you will regard it as unclean. ³⁹'If one of the animals that you use as food dies, anyone who touches the carcase will be unclean until evening; ⁴⁰anyone who eats any of the carcase must wash his clothing and will remain unclean until evening; anyone who picks up the carcase must wash his clothing and will remain unclean until evening. ⁴¹'Any creature that swarms on the ground is detestable for eating; it must not be eaten. ⁴²Anything that moves on its belly, anything that moves on four legs or more—in short all the creatures that swarm on the ground—you will not eat, since they are detestable. ⁴³Do not make yourselves detestable with all these swarming creatures; do not defile yourselves with them, do not be defiled by them. ⁴⁴For it is I, Yahweh, who am your God. You have been sanctified and have become holy because I am holy: do not defile yourselves with all these creatures that swarm on the ground. ⁴⁵Yes, it is I, Yahweh, who brought you out of Egypt to be your God: you must therefore be holy because I am holy.' ' ⁴⁶Such is the law concerning animals, birds, all living creatures that move in water and all creatures that swarm on the ground. ⁴⁷Its purpose is to distinguish the clean from the unclean, the creatures that may be eaten from those that may not be eaten.

Purification after childbirth. (Lv.12.1-8)

12¹Yahweh spoke to Moses and said, ²'Speak to the Israelites and say:

'If a woman becomes pregnant and gives birth to a boy, she will be unclean for seven days as when in a state of pollution due to menstruation. ³On the eighth day the child's foreskin must be circumcised, ⁴and she will wait another thirty-three days for her blood to be purified. She will not touch anything consecrated nor go to the sanctuary until the time of her purification is over. ⁵'If she gives birth to a girl, she will be unclean for two weeks, as during her monthly periods; and will wait another sixty-six days for her blood to be purified. ⁶'When the period of her purification is over, for either boy or girl, she will bring the priest at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting a lamb one year old for a burnt offering, and a young pigeon or turtledove as a sacrifice for sin. ⁷The priest must offer this before Yahweh, perform the rite of expiation for her, and she will be purified from her discharge of blood. 'Such is the law concerning a woman who gives birth to either a boy or a girl. ⁸If she cannot afford a lamb, she must take two turtledoves or two young pigeons, one for the burnt offering and the other for the sacrifice for sin. The priest will perform the rite of expiation for her and she will be purified.' '

Deseases of the skin. (Lv.13.1-46)

13¹Yahweh said to Moses and Aaron, ²'If a swelling or scab or spot appears on someone's skin, which could develop into a contagious skin-disease, that person must then be taken to the priest, either Aaron or one of his sons. ³The priest will examine the disease on the skin. If the hair on the diseased part has turned white, or if the disease bites into the skin, the skin-disease is contagious, and after examination the priest will declare the person unclean. ⁴But if there is a white spot on the skin without any visible depression of the skin or whitening of the hair, the priest will isolate the sick person for seven days. ⁵On the seventh day he will examine the person, and if he observes that the disease persists though without spreading over the skin, he will isolate the person for a further seven days ⁶and examine him again on the seventh. If he finds that the disease has faded and has not spread over the skin, the priest will declare the person clean. This was merely a scab. Once he has washed his clothing he will be clean. ⁷'But if the scab spreads over the skin after the sick person has been examined by the priest and declared clean, then he will let himself be examined again by the priest. ⁸After examining him and certifying the spread of the scab over the skin, the priest will declare him unclean: it is a contagious skin-disease. ⁹'Someone who has a contagious skin-disease must be taken to the priest. ¹⁰The priest will examine the sick person, and if he finds a whitish swelling with whitening of the hair and an ulcer forming on the skin, ¹¹this is a dormant skin-disease, and the priest will declare the person unclean. He will not isolate him; he is obviously unclean. ¹²'But if the disease spreads all through the skin, if it covers the person entirely from head to foot so far as the priest can see, ¹³the priest will then examine the sick person and, if he finds that the skin-disease covers his whole body, declare the sick person clean. Since it has all become white, he is clean. ¹⁴But as soon as an ulcer appears on him, he will be unclean. ¹⁵After examining the ulcer, the priest will declare him unclean: the ulcer is unclean, it is contagious. ¹⁶But if the ulcer becomes white again, the sick person will go to the priest; ¹⁷the priest will examine him and if he finds that the disease has turned white, he will declare the sick person clean: he is clean. ¹⁸'When an ulcer appears on someone's skin, and then gets better, ¹⁹and if then a white swelling or a reddish-white spot forms on the same place, the sick person will show himself to the priest. ²⁰The priest will examine him, and if he finds a visible depression in the skin and a whitening of the hair, he will declare the person unclean: this is a case of contagious skin-disease breaking out in an ulcer. ²¹But if on examination the priest finds neither white hair nor depression of the skin, but a fading of the affected part, he will isolate the sick person for seven days. ²²If the disease has then spread over the skin, he will declare the person unclean: this is a case of contagious skin-disease. ²³But if the spot has stayed where it was and has not spread, it is the scar of the ulcer and the priest will declare the person clean. ²⁴'If someone has a burn on the skin and an abscess, a reddish-white or white spot, forms on the burn, ²⁵the priest will then examine it. If he finds a whitening of the hair or a visible depression of the mark on the skin, a contagious disease has broken out in the burn. The priest will declare the sick person unclean: this is a contagious skin-disease. ²⁶If on the other hand the priest on examination does not find white hair on the mark or depression of the skin, but a fading of the mark, the priest will isolate the person for seven days. ²⁷He will examine the person on the seventh day and, if the disease has spread over the skin, he will declare the sick person unclean: this is a case of contagious skin-disease. ²⁸If the mark has stayed where it was and has not spread over the skin, but has faded instead, it was only a swelling due to the burn. The priest will declare the person clean: it is merely a burn scar. ²⁹'If a man or a woman has a sore on the head or chin, ³⁰the priest will examine the sore; and if he finds a depression visible in the skin, with the hair on it yellow and thin, he will declare the sick person unclean: this is tinea, that is to say, a contagious skin-disease of the head or chin. ³¹If on examining this case of tinea the priest finds no visible depression in the skin and no yellow hair, he will isolate the person so affected for seven days. ³²He will examine the infected part on the seventh day, and if he finds that the tinea has not spread, that the hair on it is not yellow, and that there is no visible depression in the skin, ³³the sick person will shave his hair off, all except the part affected with tinea, and the priest will again isolate him for seven days. ³⁴He will examine the infected part on the seventh day, and if he finds that it has not spread over the skin, and that there is no visible depression of the skin, the priest will declare the sick person clean. After washing his clothes the person will be clean. ³⁵But if after this purification the tinea does spread over the skin, ³⁶the priest will examine the person; if he finds that the tinea has indeed spread over the skin, the sick person is unclean, and there is no need to verify whether the hair is yellow. ³⁷Whereas if, so far as he can see, the tinea is arrested and dark hair is beginning to grow on it, the sick person is cured. He is clean, and the priest will declare him clean. ³⁸'If spots break out on the skin of a man or woman, and if these spots are white, ³⁹the priest will examine them. If he finds that the spots are of a dull white, this is a rash that has broken out on the skin: the sick person is clean. ⁴⁰'If someone loses the hair of the scalp, this is baldness of the scalp but the person is clean. ⁴¹If he loses hair off the front of the head, this is baldness of the forehead but the person is clean. ⁴²If, however, a reddish-white sore appears on scalp or forehead, a contagious skin-disease has broken out on the scalp or forehead. ⁴³The priest will examine it, and if he finds a reddish-white swelling on scalp or forehead, looking like a contagious skin-disease, ⁴⁴the person has such a disease: he is unclean. The priest will declare him unclean; he has a contagious skin-disease of the head. ⁴⁵'Anyone with a contagious skin-disease will wear torn clothing and disordered hair; and will cover the upper lip and shout, 'Unclean, unclean.' ⁴⁶As long as the disease lasts, such a person will be unclean and, being unclean, will live alone and live outside the camp.

Mildew. (Lv.13.47-59)

⁴⁷'When a piece of clothing is infected with mould, be it woollen or linen clothing, ⁴⁸linen or woollen fabric or covering, or leather or anything made of leather, ⁴⁹if the spot on the clothing, leather, fabric, covering or object made of leather is a greenish or reddish colour, it is a disease to be shown to the priest. ⁵⁰The priest will examine the infection and isolate the object for seven days. ⁵¹If on the seventh day he observes that the infection has spread on the clothing, fabric, covering, leather or object made of leather, whatever it may be, this is a contagious disease and the object is unclean. ⁵²He will burn this clothing, fabric, linen or woollen covering or leather object whatever it may be, on which the infection has appeared; for this is a contagious disease which must be destroyed by fire. ⁵³'But if on examination the priest finds that the infection has not spread on the clothing, fabric, covering, or leather object whatever it may be, ⁵⁴he will order the infected object to be washed and will isolate it again for a period of seven days. ⁵⁵After the washing, he will examine the infection and if he finds that there is no change in its appearance, even though it has not spread, the article is unclean. You will burn it; it is infected through and through. ⁵⁶'But if on examination the priest finds that the infection has diminished after washing, he will tear it out of the clothing, leather, fabric or covering. ⁵⁷But if the infection reappears on the same clothing, fabric, covering or leather object whatever it may be, this means that the infection is active; you will burn whatever is infected. ⁵⁸The clothing, fabric, covering or leather object whatever it may be, from which the infection disappears after being washed, will be clean after it has been washed a second time. ⁵⁹'Such is the law governing disease in a linen or woollen garment, a fabric or covering or leather object whatever it may be, when it is a question of declaring them clean or unclean.'

Skin deseases: purification after cure. (Lv.14.1-32)

14¹Yahweh spoke to Moses and said: ²'This is the law to be applied on the day of the purification of someone who has suffered from a contagious skin-disease. Such a person will be taken to the priest, ³and the priest will go outside the camp. If he finds on examination that the person has recovered from the disease, ⁴he will order the following to be brought for his purification: two live birds that are clean, some cedar wood, scarlet material and hyssop. ⁵He will then order one of the birds to be slaughtered in an earthenware pot over running water. ⁶He will then take the live bird, the cedar wood, the scarlet material and the hyssop and dip all this (including the live bird) into the blood of the bird slaughtered over running water. ⁷He will then sprinkle the person to be purified of the skin-disease seven times, and having declared the person clean, will set the live bird free to fly off into the countryside. ⁸The person who is being purified will then wash all clothing, shave off all hair, and wash, and will then be clean. After this he will return to the camp, although he will remain outside his tent for seven days. ⁹On the seventh day he will shave off all his hair-head, beard and eyebrows; he will shave off all his hair. After washing his clothing and his body he will be clean. ¹⁰'On the eighth day he will take two unblemished lambs, an unblemished ewe one year old, three-tenths of wheaten flour mixed with oil for the cereal offering, and one log of oil. ¹¹The priest who is performing the purification will place the person who is being purified, with all his offerings, at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, before Yahweh. ¹²He will then take one of the lambs and offer it as a sacrifice of reparation, as also the log of oil. With these he will make the gesture of offering before Yahweh. ¹³He will then slaughter the lamb on that spot inside the holy place where the victims for the sacrifice for sin and for the burnt offering are slaughtered. This reparatory offering, like the sacrifice for sin, will revert to the priest: it is especially holy. ¹⁴The priest will then take some blood of this sacrifice and put it on the lobe of the right ear, the thumb of the right hand, and the big toe of the right foot of the person who is being purified. ¹⁵He will then take the log of oil and pour a little into the hollow of his left hand. ¹⁶He will dip a finger of his right hand into the oil in the hollow of his left hand, and sprinkle the oil with his finger seven times before Yahweh. ¹⁷He will then take some of the oil left in the hollow of his hand and put it on the lobe of the right ear, the thumb of the right hand, and the big toe of the right foot of the person being purified, in addition to the blood of the sacrifice of reparation. ¹⁸The rest of the oil in the hollow of his hand he will put on the head of the person who is being purified. This is how the priest will perform the rite of expiation for such a person before Yahweh. ¹⁹'The priest will then offer the sacrifice for sin, and perform the rite of expiation for uncleanness for the person who is being purified. After this, he will slaughter the burnt offering ²⁰and offer this and the cereal offering on the altar. So, when the priest has performed the rite of expiation for him the person will be clean. ²¹'If he is poor and cannot afford all this, he need take only one lamb, the one for the sacrifice of reparation, and this will be presented with the gesture of offering to perform the rite of expiation for him. And for the cereal offering he will only take one-tenth of wheaten flour mixed with oil, and the log of oil, ²²and two turtledoves or two young pigeons, whichever he can afford, one for a sacrifice for sin and the other for the burnt offering. ²³He will bring these on the eighth day to the priest at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting before Yahweh, for his purification. ²⁴The priest will take the lamb for the sacrifice of reparation and the log of oil, and present them before Yahweh with the gesture of offering. ²⁵He will then slaughter the lamb for the sacrifice of reparation, take some of its blood and put it on the lobe of the right ear, the thumb of the right hand and the big toe of the right foot of the person who is being purified. ²⁶He will pour the oil into the hollow of his left hand, ²⁷and with his finger sprinkle the oil in the hollow of his left hand seven times before Yahweh. ²⁸He will then put some of the oil on the lobe of the right ear, the thumb of the right hand and the big toe of the right foot of the person who is being purified, as he did with the blood of the sacrifice of reparation. ²⁹The remainder of the oil in the hollow of his hand he will put on the head of the person who is being purified, thus performing the rite of expiation for him before Yahweh. ³⁰Of the two turtledoves or two young pigeons—whatever he has been able to afford—he will offer ³¹a sacrifice for sin with one, and with the other a burnt offering with a cereal offering—whatever he has been able to afford. This is how the priest will perform before Yahweh the rite of expiation for the person who is being purified. ³²'Such is the law concerning someone with a contagious skin-disease who cannot afford the means of purification.'

Mildew on dwellings. (Lv.14.33-57)

³³Yahweh spoke to Moses and Aaron and said: ³⁴'When you reach Canaan, which I am giving you as your possession, if I infect a house with a disease in the country which you are to possess, ³⁵the owner will come and inform the priest and say, 'I have seen something like a skin-disease in the house.' ³⁶The priest will order the house to be emptied before he goes to examine the infection, or everything in the house will become unclean; after which, the priest will go inside and examine the house; ³⁷and if on examination he finds the walls of the house pitted with reddish or greenish depressions which appear to be eating away the wall, ³⁸the priest will then go out of the house, to the door, and shut it up for seven days. ³⁹On the seventh day, the priest will come back and if on examination he finds that the infection has spread over the walls of the house, ⁴⁰he will order the infected stones to be removed and thrown into some unclean place outside the town. ⁴¹He will then have all the inside of the house scraped, and the plaster that comes off will be emptied in an unclean place outside the town. ⁴²The stones will then be replaced with new ones and the house given a new coat of plaster. ⁴³'If the infection spreads again after the stones have been removed and the house scraped and replastered, ⁴⁴the priest will come and examine it. If he finds that the infection has spread, this means that there is a contagious disease in the house: it is unclean. ⁴⁵It must be pulled down and the stones, woodwork and all the plaster be taken to an unclean place outside the town. ⁴⁶'Anyone who enters the house while it is closed will be unclean until evening. ⁴⁷Anyone who sleeps there will wash his clothes. Anyone who eats there will wash his clothes. ⁴⁸But if the priest finds, when he comes to examine the infection, that it has not spread in the house since it was plastered, he will declare the house clean, for the infection is cured. ⁴⁹'As a sacrifice for the defilement of the house, he will take two birds, some cedar wood, scarlet material and hyssop. ⁵⁰He will slaughter one of the birds in an earthenware pot over running water. ⁵¹He will then take the cedar wood, the hyssop, the scarlet material and the live bird, dip them into the blood of the slaughtered bird and into the running water and sprinkle the house seven times; ⁵²and after offering the sacrifice for the defilement of the house with the blood of the bird, the running water, the live bird, the cedar wood, the hyssop and the scarlet material, ⁵³he will set the live bird free to fly out of the town into the countryside. Once the rite of expiation has been performed for the house in this way it will be clean. ⁵⁴'Such is the law governing all kinds of skin-disease and tinea, ⁵⁵diseases of clothing and houses, ⁵⁶swellings, scabs and spots. It defines the occasions when things are unclean and when clean. ⁵⁷Such is the law on skin-diseases.'

Bodily cleanliness. (Lv.15.1-33)

15¹Yahweh spoke to Moses and Aaron and said: ²'Speak to the Israelites and say to them:

'When a man has a discharge from his body, that discharge is unclean. ³While the discharge continues, the nature of his uncleanness is as follows:

'Whether his body allows the discharge to flow or whether it retains it, he is unclean. ⁴'Any bed the man lies on and anything he sits on will be unclean. ⁵'Anyone who touches his bed must wash clothing and body and will be unclean until evening. ⁶'Anyone who sits where the man has sat must wash clothing and body and will be unclean until evening. ⁷'Anyone who touches the body of the man with the discharge must wash clothing and body and will be unclean until evening. ⁸'If the man with the discharge spits on someone who is clean, that person must wash clothing and body and will be unclean until evening. ⁹'Any saddle the man has ridden on will be unclean. ¹⁰'All those who touch any object that has been under him will be unclean until evening.

'Anyone who picks up such an object must wash clothing and body and will be unclean until evening. ¹¹'All those whom the man with the discharge touches without having washed his hands must wash clothing and body and will be unclean until evening. ¹²'The earthenware vessel he touches must be broken and any wooden utensil must be rinsed. ¹³'Once the man with the discharge is cured, he will allow seven days for his purification. He will wash his clothes and wash his body in running water and he will be clean. ¹⁴On the eighth day he will take two turtledoves or two young pigeons and come before Yahweh at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting and give them to the priest. ¹⁵The priest will offer one of them as a sacrifice for sin and the other as a burnt offering. And in this way the priest will perform the rite of expiation for him before Yahweh for his discharge. ¹⁶'When a man has a seminal discharge, he must wash his whole body with water and will be unclean until evening. ¹⁷Any clothing or leather touched by the seminal discharge must be washed and will be unclean until evening. ¹⁸When a woman has had intercourse with a man, both of them must wash and will be unclean until evening. ¹⁹'Whenever a woman has a discharge and the discharge from her body is of blood, she will remain in a state of menstrual pollution for seven days.

'Anyone who touches her will be unclean until evening. ²⁰'Anything she lies on in this polluted state will be unclean; anything she sits on will be unclean. ²¹'Anyone who touches her bed must wash clothing and body and will be unclean until evening. ²²'Anyone who touches anything she has sat on must wash clothing and body and will be unclean until evening. ²³If there is anything on the bed or where she is sitting, anyone who touches it will be unclean until evening. ²⁴'If a man goes so far as to sleep with her, he will contract her menstrual pollution and will be unclean for seven days. Any bed he lies on will be unclean. ²⁵'If a woman has a prolonged discharge of blood outside the period, or if the period is prolonged, during the time this discharge lasts she will be in the same state of uncleanness as during her monthly periods. ²⁶Any bed she lies on during the time this discharge lasts will be polluted in the same way as the bed she lies on during her monthly periods. Anything she sits on will be unclean as during her monthly periods. ²⁷Anyone who touches it will be unclean and must wash clothing and body and will be unclean until evening. ²⁸'Once she is cured of her discharge, she will allow seven days to go by; after that she will be clean. ²⁹On the eighth day she will take two turtledoves or two young pigeons and bring them to the priest at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. ³⁰The priest will offer one of them as a sacrifice for sin and the other as a burnt offering. And in this way the priest will perform the rite of expiation for her before Yahweh for the discharge which made her unclean. ³¹'Hence you will warn the Israelites against contracting a state of uncleanness, rather than incurring death by defiling my Dwelling which is among them. ³²'Such is the law governing a man with a discharge or who is made unclean by a seminal discharge, ³³a woman in a state of pollution due to menstruation, a man or a woman with a discharge, or a man who sleeps with a woman when she is unclean.' '

The Day of Atonement. (Lv.16.1-19)

16¹Yahweh spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron who died when offering unauthorised fire. ²Yahweh spoke to Moses and said:

'Tell Aaron your brother that he may not enter the sanctuary inside the curtain in front of the mercy-seat on the ark whenever he chooses, in case he incurs death, for I appear in a cloud on the mercy-seat. ³'This is how he must enter the sanctuary: with a young bull for a sacrifice for sin and a ram for a burnt offering. ⁴He will put on a tunic of consecrated linen, wear linen drawers on his body, a linen waistband round his waist, and a linen turban on his head. These are the sacred vestments he will put on after washing himself. ⁵'From the community of Israelites he will receive two he-goats for a sacrifice for sin and a ram for a burnt offering. ⁶After offering the bull as a sacrifice for his own sin and performing the rite of expiation for himself and his family, ⁷he will take the two he-goats and place them before Yahweh at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. ⁸Aaron will then draw lots over the two goats, one lot to be for Yahweh and the other lot for Azazel. ⁹Aaron will then take the goat on which the lot 'For Yahweh' has fallen, and offer it as a sacrifice for sin. ¹⁰But the goat on which the lot 'For Azazel' has fallen, will be placed alive before Yahweh, for the rite of expiation to be performed with it, and for it then to be sent to Azazel in the desert. ¹¹'Having offered the bull as a sacrifice for his own sin and performed the rite of expiation for himself and for his family, and slaughtered the bull as a sacrifice for sin, ¹²Aaron will then fill a censer with live coals from the altar before Yahweh, take two handfuls of finely ground aromatic incense and bring this inside the curtain. ¹³He will then put the incense on the fire before Yahweh, so that the cloud of incense hides the mercy-seat which is on the Testimony and he does not incur death. ¹⁴He will then take some of the bull's blood and sprinkle it with his finger on the eastern side of the mercy-seat. He will sprinkle some of the blood seven times with his finger in front of the mercy-seat. ¹⁵'He will then slaughter the goat for the sacrifice for the sin of the people, and take its blood inside the curtain, and with this blood do as he did with the blood of the bull, sprinkling it on the mercy-seat and in front of it. ¹⁶This is how he must perform the rite of expiation for the sanctuary for the uncleanness of the Israelites, for their acts of rebellion and all their sins.

'And this is what he must do for the Tent of Meeting which remains with them, surrounded by their uncleanness. ¹⁷No one must be inside the Tent of Meeting, from the moment he enters to make expiation in the sanctuary until the time he comes out. 'When he has made expiation for himself, for his family, and for the whole community of Israel, ¹⁸he must come outside, go to the altar before Yahweh and perform the rite of expiation for it. He will take some of the bull's blood and some of the goat's blood and put it on the horns at the corners of the altar all around it, ¹⁹and sprinkle some of the blood on it seven times with his finger, thus purifying it and setting it apart from the uncleanness of the Israelites.

The Scapegoat. (Lv.16.20-28)

²⁰'Once expiation for the sanctuary, the Tent of Meeting and the altar is complete, he will bring the goat which is still alive. ²¹Aaron will then lay both his hands on its head and over it confess all the guilt of the Israelites, all their acts of rebellion and all their sins. Having thus laid them on the goat's head, he will send it out into the desert under the charge of a man waiting ready, ²²and the goat will bear all their guilt away into some desolate place. 'When he has sent the goat into the desert, ²³Aaron will go back into the Tent of Meeting and take off the linen vestments which he wore to enter the sanctuary and leave them there. ²⁴He will then wash his body inside the holy place, put on his vestments and come outside to offer his own and the people's burnt offering. He will perform the rite of expiation for himself and for the people, ²⁵and burn the fat of the sacrifice for sin on the altar. ²⁶'The man who led the goat away to Azazel will wash his clothes and body before entering the camp. ²⁷The bull and the goat offered as a sacrifice for sin, the blood of which was taken into the sanctuary for the rite of expiation, must be taken outside the camp, where their skin, meat and offal are to be burnt. ²⁸The man who burns them will wash his clothes and body before entering the camp.

Day of Atonement: observation. (Lv.16.29-34)

²⁹'This will be a perpetual law for you.

'On the tenth day of the seventh month you will fast and refrain from work, both citizen and resident alien; ³⁰for this is the day on which the rite of expiation will be performed for you to purify you, to purify you before Yahweh from all your sins. ³¹It will be a sabbatical rest for you and you will fast. This is a perpetual law. ³²'The rite of expiation will be performed by the priest who has been anointed and installed to officiate in succession to his father. He will put on the linen vestments, the sacred vestments, ³³and perform the rite of expiation for the holy sanctuary, the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and will then perform the rite of expiation for the priests and all the people of the community. ³⁴This will be a perpetual law for you; once a year the rite of expiation will be made for the Israelites for all their sins.'

And as Yahweh ordered Moses, so it was done.